What if cancer cells could be re-engineered to turn against their own kind?
"Our study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of using engineered tumor cells and their self-homing properties for developing receptor-targeted therapeutics for various cancers," said Shah.
A new study led by researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital : The power of gene editing to take a critical step toward using cancer cells to kill cancer. The reports were promising results in preclinical models across multiple types of cancer cells, establishing a potential roadmap toward clinical translation for treating primary, recurrent and metastatic cancer.
"This is just the tip of the iceberg. Cell-based therapies hold tremendous promise for delivering therapeutic agents to tumors and may provide treatment options where standard therapy has failed. With our technique, we show it is possible to reverse-engineer a patient's own cancer cells and use them to treat cancer. We think this has many implications and could be applicable across all cancer cell types." says Dr.Khalid Shah,Director of the Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI) , BWH Department of Neurosurgery and Faculty at Harvard Medical School and Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI).
The new approach capitalizes on cancer cells' self-homing ability that process in which cancer cells can track the cells of their kind that have spread within the same organ or to other parts of the body. Harnessing this power could overcome drug delivery challenges, helping get therapeutics to tumor sites that may otherwise be difficult to reach.
The team developed and tested two techniques to harness the power of cancer cells. The "off the shelf" technique used pre-engineered tumor cells that would need to be matched to a patient's HLA phenotype and the second technique "autologous" which uses CRISPR technology to edit the genome of a patient's cancer cells and insert therapeutic molecules. These cells could then be transferred back into the patient.
To test both approaches, they used mouse models of primary and recurrent brain cancer and breast cancer that has spread to the brain. They saw a direct migration of engineered cells to the sites of tumors and found evidence that the engineered cells specifically targeted and killed recurrent and metastatic cancer in the mice which in turn treatment increased the survival of the mice. Engineered cells were equipped with a "kill switch" that could be activated after treatment -- PET imaging showed that this kill switch worked to eliminate the cells.
"Our study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of using engineered tumor cells and their self-homing properties for developing receptor-targeted therapeutics for various cancers," said Shah.
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